Basic Life Support
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Providing Basic Life Support (BLS) in Ligature Incidents
In this section of our training, we focus on providing Basic Life Support (BLS) in the context of ligature incidents, following the UK Resuscitation Council guidelines for CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation). It's crucial to understand that victims of ligature incidents may require careful consideration during BLS due to the nature of their injuries.
Steps for CPR in Ligature Incidents
1. Ensure Scene Safety
Before starting CPR, ensure the scene is safe for you and the victim.
2. Check for Response
Gently shake the victim’s shoulders and ask loudly, “Are you alright?” If there is no response, proceed with calling for help.
3. Call for Help
If you are alone, call emergency services immediately. If there are bystanders, instruct one to call for help while you start CPR.
4. Open the Airway
Carefully tilt the victim's head back and lift their chin to open the airway. Be mindful of potential neck injuries in ligature cases.
5. Check for Breathing
Look, listen, and feel for no more than 10 seconds to determine if the victim is breathing normally. Occasional gasps are not normal breathing.
6. Commence Chest Compressions
Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest and your other hand on top. Press down firmly and smoothly, allowing the chest to rise fully between compressions. Follow the rhythm of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
7. Provide Rescue Breaths
After 30 compressions, give two rescue breaths. Tilt the head back, pinch the nose closed, and seal your lips around their mouth. Blow into the mouth to make the chest visibly rise.
8. Continue CPR
Keep alternating 30 compressions with two rescue breaths. Do not stop CPR until emergency help arrives, the victim shows signs of life, or if you become too exhausted to continue.
9. Use an AED
If an AED is available, use it as soon as possible and follow the voice prompts.
Considerations for Ligature Incidents
In the case of a ligature incident, be cautious of any neck injuries while performing CPR. Handle the victim’s head and neck gently.
Be prepared for potential complications, such as regurgitation or aspiration, which might occur due to the nature of the injuries. If the victim vomits, turn their head to the side to clear the airway, then continue with CPR.